CBR Test Procedure-Calculation Data Sheets Graph-Chart Urdu/Hindi ||Maawa World||


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ATTERBERG LIMITS

ATTERBERG LIMITS The Atterberg limits are water contents which define the limits of various stages of consistency for fine-grained soils. The liquid limit (LL) and the plastic limit (PL) define the upper and lower limits, respectively, of the plastic range of a soil; the numerical difference between these two limits expresses the plasticity of a soil and is termed the plasticity index (PI). Liquid Limit The liquid limit of a soil is the water content, expressed as a percentage of the weight of oven-dried soil at which two halves of a soil pat separated by a groove of standard dimensions will close at the bottom of the groove along a distance of 1/2 in. under the impact of 25 blows in a standard liquid limit device. Plastic Limit The plastic limit of a soil is the water content, expressed as a percentage of the weight of oven dried soil at which the soil just begins to crumble into short pieces when rolled into a thread 1/8 in.  in diameter. P...
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FIBRE-REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC)

FIBRE-REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC) Plain concrete possesses deficiencies like low tensile strength, limited ductility and low resistance to cracking. The cracks develop even before loading. After loading micro cracks widen and propagate, exposing concrete to atmospheric actions. If closely spaced and uniformly dispered fibres are provided while mixing concrete, cracks are arrested and static and dynamic properties are improved. Fibre reinforced concrete can be defined as a composite material of concrete or mortar with discontinuous and uniformly distributed fibres. Commonly used fibres are of steel, nylon, asbestos, coir, glass, carbon and polypropylene. The length to lateral dimension of fibres range from 30 to 150. The diameter of fibres vary from 0.25 to 0.75 mm Fibre reinforced concrete is having better tensile strength, ductility and resistance to cracking. Uses of FRC 1. For wearing coat of air fields, roads and refractory linings. 2. For manufacturing precast products lik...
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LIME

LIME It is an important binding material used in building construction. Lime has been used as the material of construction from ancient time. When it is mixed with sand it provides lime mortar and when mixed with sand and coarse aggregate, it forms lime concrete. Types of Limes and their Properties The limes are classified as fat lime, hydraulic lime and poor lime: (i) Fat lime: It is composed of 95 percentage of calcium oxide. When water is added, it slakes vigorously and its volume increases to 2 to 2 1/2 times. It is white in colour. Its properties are: (a) hardens slowly (b) has high degree of plasticity (c) sets slowly in the presence of air (d) white in colour (e) slakes vigorously. (ii) Hydraulic lime: It contains clay and ferrous oxide. Depending upon the percentage of clay present, the hydraulic lime is divided into the following three types: (a) Feebly hydraulic lime (5 to 10% clay content) (b) Moderately hydraulic lime (11 to 20% clay content) (c) Emin...
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