Soil & Rocks
Soil
Soil is a heterogeneous aggregation of uncemented or weakly cemented mineral grains enclosing voids of varying sizes. These voids may contain air, water, organic matter, or different combinations of these materials. The engineer must therefore be concerned not only with the sizes of the particles, but also with the voids between them and particularly what these voids enclose (water, air, or organic materials).
Rocks
Geologists classify rocks into three basic groups: igneous, formed by cooling from a molten state; sedimentary, formed by accumulation and cementation of existing particles and remains of plants and animals; and metamorphic, formed from existing rocks subjected to heat and pressure. Exposed to the
atmosphere, these rocks disintegrate and decompose either by mechanical action (wind, water,
ice, and vegetation) or chemical action, or both. The resulting material may remain where it is formed; or it may be transported by water, glaciers, wind, or gravity and deposited at a distance from the parent rock. This resulting material is called soil.
Soil is a heterogeneous aggregation of uncemented or weakly cemented mineral grains enclosing voids of varying sizes. These voids may contain air, water, organic matter, or different combinations of these materials. The engineer must therefore be concerned not only with the sizes of the particles, but also with the voids between them and particularly what these voids enclose (water, air, or organic materials).
Rocks
Geologists classify rocks into three basic groups: igneous, formed by cooling from a molten state; sedimentary, formed by accumulation and cementation of existing particles and remains of plants and animals; and metamorphic, formed from existing rocks subjected to heat and pressure. Exposed to the
atmosphere, these rocks disintegrate and decompose either by mechanical action (wind, water,
ice, and vegetation) or chemical action, or both. The resulting material may remain where it is formed; or it may be transported by water, glaciers, wind, or gravity and deposited at a distance from the parent rock. This resulting material is called soil.
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